当卫生最重要的时候

The novel coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is spreading worldwide. The main human-to-human transmission pathway appears to be droplet infection. With simple hygiene measures, each individual can help to protect themselves and others from the life-threatening lung disease and stem its rapid spread. Our topic special is dedicated to the most effective methods of protection against infection.

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Kärcher蒸汽清洁剂对抗冠状病毒

Kärcher安排其蒸汽清洁剂在独立实验室中测试的病毒中的有效性。结果：如果用正常使用，机器可去除高达99.999％的包络病毒*，例如冠状病毒或流感，99.99％的普通家庭细菌**来自硬表面。如目前的时间，消毒剂将主要用于门诊和住院护理，蒸汽清洁剂可以对私人家庭和商业和工业用途进行普通卫生的宝贵贡献。

_{*测试表明，在最大清洁30秒的现货清洁。用Kärcher蒸汽清洁剂直接接触清洁表面99.999％的包络病毒，如冠状病毒或流感（不包括乙型肝炎病毒），可以在常见的光滑的家用硬表面上除去（测试胚芽：改性 - 疫苗 -Ankara病毒）。}

_{**When thoroughly cleaning with the Kärcher steam cleaner 99,99% of all common household bacteria will be killed on common smooth household hard surfaces, provided the cleaning speed of 30 cm/s at max. steam level and direct contact to the cleaning surface (test-germ: Enterococcus hirae).}

Where does the Coronavirus come from?

2020年3月11日Covid-19被世界卫生组织（世卫组织）宣布一大流行。肺病是由冠状病毒SARS-COV-2引起的。与流行病相比，大流行病中的传染病的发生不是本地化的并且可以在整个地球上传播，如目前可以观察到。通过咳嗽，发热，鼻炎和疲劳等流感症状表现出晕圈病毒的感染。呼吸问题，颈部划痕，头痛，肢体，恶心，腹泻和寒冷也是可能的。疾病的过程是单独的不同，有很大差异。症状进展是可能的，以及严重的肺炎，肺部失败和死亡。研究人员假设Corona病原体SARS-COV-2从野生动物传播给人类在武汉市的食品市场（湖北省）。然而，尚未澄清哪种动物最初携带病毒。目前，假设在它蔓延到人类之前首先将病原体从蝙蝠传播到其他动物 - 可能通过食用作为SARS-COV-2病原体的中间宿主的动物，并在市场上出售。

传染病的触发

Infectious diseases can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria or fungi.

病毒

病毒such as the corona virus SARS-CoV-2 are not visible to the naked eye and are only about 20 to 300 nanometres in size. They invade animal, plant or human cells and use these living cells as so-called host cells. Even when exposed to air, they can sometimes survive for a very long time and remain contagious. However, a new host cell is necessary for long-term survival - if they do not find it, viruses die sooner or later.

Not all viruses cause disease. Our immune system often reacts quickly and fights off intruders immediately. Viruses begin to multiply in the body as soon as infection has occurred. Drugs are of limited help against viruses and antibiotics have been proven to be ineffective against viral diseases. There are antiviral drugs that only help against certain types of viruses. Since viruses (for example the influenza virus) can change, they are able to get past the body's own defences more easily. A person only becomes immune when his body has dealt with the pathogen. However, even after a disease has been overcome, immunity is not always guaranteed. Viruses do not have their own metabolism.

细菌

与病毒相比，细菌较大。它们的尺寸约为0.1至700微米，单细胞生物是自给自足的。他们还有自己的遗传物质和新陈代谢。细菌到处都是 - 在空中，在水中，在类似于病毒的食物等中，细菌可以在很长一段时间内存活，通常几周，有时甚至几个月，在环境中或身体本身。它们非常适应，可以在各种条件下繁殖。只有百分之一的细菌会导致人类疾病。常常细菌对健康甚至很重要。例如，它们生活在人体肠，在皮肤或口腔中。那些想要消除细菌的人可以使用高温（例如，当清洁时的水蒸气形式）或化学物质如醇，醛或氯。在人体中，抗生素通常被用作治疗的一部分。 The bacteria are prevented from multiplying or even destroyed directly.

Fungi

真菌在人体皮肤或身体上自然发生。只有几种类型的真菌导致人类疾病，包括皮肤真菌，酵母或一些模具。这些真菌在潮湿的任何地方都感觉很好：在浴室，利基，湿墙上或花盆里。面包，土豆或面粉等食品也可以是真菌的繁殖地。蘑菇甚至可以在软垫家具和床单中找到。酵母菌属于我们天然的皮肤植物群。它居住在皮肤鳞片中并喂食死组织颗粒。如果天然皮肤屏障受损或免疫系统削弱，则真菌只会穿透人体。真菌引起的疾病称为玛科。主要是皮肤，钉子或粘膜受到影响。 Only rarely are internal organs like the lungs affected by fungi. But if this happens, they can cause great damage.

Coronavirus SARS-COV-2如何传输？

液滴感染：

According to current knowledge, the corona pathogen SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted via the so-called droplet infection. This involves people coughing or sneezing and distributing the pathogens in the air. Other people inhale these pathogens and, in the worst case, become infected with them as well.

Indirect infection:

也可以间接传输病毒。以前咳嗽或打喷嚏的人触摸物品，如门把手，手机，触摸屏或椅背。病毒留在表面上并从那里到达健康的人。

接触infection (smear infection):

涂片感染也是病毒疾病传播的一种方式。例如，即使是最小的，受污染的残留痕迹，人粪便可以通过脏手到达健康的人。如果病原体直接通过眼睛，喉部和鼻子或上呼吸道的粘膜进入身体，则感染也可以感染，例如通过吻。尚未最终澄清SARS-COV-2是否通过涂片感染蔓延。预防涂片感染的最有效措施之一是用标准肥皂彻底洗手。

如何保护自己和其他人免受感染？

由于目前没有针对冠状病毒的疫苗，因此遵循简单的卫生措施 - 无论是私人环境和个人卫生还是在公共场所都非常重要。

个人卫生

Go easy on the face with unwashed hands
定期用肥皂彻底洗手，并在旅行时不时使用消毒剂
Wear mouth-nose protection if you are ill - make sure the mask is correctly fitted
使用一次性组织并用盖子将它们放入箱中
Avoid contact with sick people

Recommendations for behaviour at home

观察咳嗽和打喷嚏礼仪：咳嗽或打喷嚏，保持至少一米的距离距离别人，打喷嚏/咳嗽在手臂的弯曲中，然后转向其他人
Stay at home if respiratory symptoms or flu-like signs of illness occur
如果在附近的人员生病，则确保空间分离
经常通风房，并使用空气净化器
使用家庭办公设施，避免商务旅行
Avoid contact, especially with older or chronically ill fellow human beings

Recommendations for behaviour on the go

It is best to keep a distance of 2 to 2.5 metres from other people, especially those who are ill
放弃握手和拥抱
观察咳嗽和打喷嚏礼仪：咳嗽或打喷嚏，保持至少一米的距离距离别人，打喷嚏/咳嗽在手臂的弯曲中，然后转向其他人
Regularly disinfect surfaces such as car steering wheel, door handles, mobile phones, etc.
禁止私人假期
如果可能的话，避免使用公共交通工具
Attend no major events
不要在高峰时段购物，使用接送和送货服务

为什么卫生措施在电晕时期是如此重要

在干净、cl维护良好环境eaned regularly, the risk of transmission of pathogens is minimised considerably. Surfaces are no longer a breeding ground for germs, bacteria or viruses. Even in places that are difficult to access, the pathogens are eliminated more thoroughly.